Written by Hala Abdelhamid
Abstract
The motive for this research is to uncover the hidden phenomenon of the universe
that nothing but out instincts can detect. As we all know, astrophysics would hvave never
evolved without physics, and physics would have never evolved if it was not due to Newton
and Galileo, Einstein, then Max Planck and Niels Bohr. In those three stages, the concepts of
time, light, and mostly gravity – were always miles away from our comprehensive: the more
we understood newer aspects of each. However, as physicists have been on a quest to find a
unified theory of everything – there was one huge, unavoidable obstacle aways managed to
deter their efforts and research. This obstacle is not a concept that can be fully explained
theoretically and practically. Rather, it is a potential theory physicists hope to prove to
uncover an ample of sequestered phenomenon lying beneath our universe’s wide sea.
I. Introduction: What is Quantum Gravity
In his book “Seven Brief Lessons on Physics”, Carlo Rovelli summarized seven physics
concepts - concepts that he thought deep down believed were tje building blocks of physics,
and were the keys that could unlock past and future mysteries. The most vital concept he
spoke of, at the end of his book, was the “Theory of Loop Quantum Gravity.” Rovelli
presented solid scientific, logical, and mathematial evidence as to why he has faith that
“Loop Gravity” is going to be the next msjor physics revolution. His analysis included the
theory’s lack of involving new dimensions in our universe, contradict the Lorentz invariance,
has theconcept of “infinite distance” and infinity as a philosophy – a philosophy that should
be implemented in our modern physics understanding and existing at the root of our brains as the most sufficient understanding of the reality of mere reality. On the other, there is
another modern theory – proposed on the summer of 1968 by one of the all-time physics
legends, Gabrielle Veneziano. In his paper “Construction of a crossin- symmetric, Regge
behaved amplitude for linearly- rising trajectories”, Veneziano attempted to explain the
puzzling mystert of the fierceful yet tenuous forces existing in our universe. His paper
marked the beginning of the “String Theory.”
String theory is an interconnection between various physics theories. In more concise terms, it uses the principle of addition while adding a long interval involving various physics theories, yet yielding more complex, perplexing results. String theory’s core ideas originate from a theory that puts a vivid, initial start for particle physics: all “particles” are microscopically vibrating strings that cause massive macroscopc changes solely due to their their instinctive vibrating phenomenon.
When eyeing this situation meticulously from the eyes of gravity, it can be logically inferred that the “strings” give rise to “gravitons” – quantum mechanical particles that actually transmit gravitational force. While String theory might seem an eloquent, forthright explanation of the natural phenomenon of the sequestered secrets of gravity, its principal philosophies are not firmly glued to one another when centering gravity as a “core” in te universe, with all other particles and forces orbiting it.
For instance, the perks of String Theory are an easy bait for
the critics. As a matter of fact, String theory asserts that the universe consists of ten
dimensions in total (while the M-theory String theory predicts that elevent exist, but this idea
will be discussed later alongside its bright sides and dull sides). The reason behind the
stunningly huge amount of dimensions is due to the” strings” peculisr movements and
wiggles, the motion that cannot occur in our spatial three dimesions or even when adding
time – the fourth dimension- to the puzzle. There are still hidden pieces of the jigsaw puzzle,
ones involving force and others involving time; they can allbe summed up in one inquiry
“What intervals does gravity impact? And, what hidden impacts does gravity have on the
universe – mostly effects humans observe by their instincts rather than their brains.
II. Methodology
The loop approach to quantum gravity was first introduced in 1987 in a conference in
India. Ever since then, the loop quantum gravity theory was catchy topic that was
carefully eyed by physicists and astrophysicists. This tentative theory provides a
practical implementation of the Planck scale quantum geometry, multiple calculation
techniques, and a bunch of predictions in regards of mostly classical physics and the
peculiar phenomena regarding black holes’ thermodynamics. Due to the theory’s
immense dependence on the utilization of particles at an infinitely tiny scale (a
quantum level), there is no vivid physical evidence to prove or disprove the theory.
Theoretically speaking, the puzzles surrounding the theory’s lack of including scalar
products, impartiality of the loop bases, and the plethora of perplexity in regards to
identity of states have become solidly resolved.
On the other hand, dynamics remains
an enormous obstacle in the path of verifying the legitimacy of the theory. The
baseline of the loop quantum gravity theory is independent of various factors that
remain ambivalent to supersymmetry, which is a theory that proposes that a
microscopic symmetry exists in the exact midst of each particles – causing them to
spin and transform to a second particle they are connected with (it suggests bosons
spin to alternate to fermions, vice versa). If supersymmetry was disproved, then there
lies a hollow in our initial understanding of particle physics. Another tentative theory
tackling the tangled relation between gravity and quantum mechanics “String theory.”
String theory disagrees with loop quantum theory on a solid point: particle physics.
String theorists believe that there are tiny “strings” that make up the universe and
have the ability to alter the space-time fabric and gravity. In simple terms, those
microscopic strings are the basis of force, energy, and just everything. These strings
vibrate to cause motion, join to cause strenuous connections (like those between space
and time), or split and cause tiny shatters that have humungous impacts. String theory
works at higher dimensions and confirm the existence of the supersymmetry, unlike
the theory of loop quantum gravity.
III. Discussion of Expected Results:
Young string theorists of todays investigate by shedding light on the similarities between
String theory and Loop quantum gravity, rather than disproving of one for the sake of the
other. They often assert that string theory and loop quantum gravity are merely “two sides of
the same coin”, which means they are “complementary” theories, rather than vivid
reciprocals. The lack of experimental evidence of the two is one of the reasons why none of
them is considered scientifically superior than the other.
IV. Reference
[1]Rovelli, Carlo “Seven Brief Lessons About Physics”
[2] https://www.quantamagazine.org
[3] https://home.cern/science/physics/supersymmetry
[4] https://www.space.com/loop-quantum-gravity-space-time-quantized
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